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Chapter 03- Linux Common Commands

Tech 2023-06-27 02:31:08 Source: Network
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02-vmwarecentos7shellshell(kernel)shell-2-1-2-1shellshellshellshellshellBourne Shell/usr/bin/sh/bin/shBourne Again Shell/bin/bashC Shell/usr/bin/cshK Shell/usr/bin/kshshell[root@cdphost ~]# echo $SHELL/bin/bashLinuxman[root@cdphost ~]# man lsreboot[root@cdphost ~]# rebootshutdown[root@cdphost ~]# shutdownlsls [] []ls-l-a-A.

02-vmwarecentos7

shellshell(kernel)shell-2-1

-2-1

shellshellshellshell

shellBourne Shell/usr/bin/sh/bin/shBourne Again Shell/bin/bashC Shell/usr/bin/cshK Shell/usr/bin/ksh

  • shell
[root@cdphost ~]# echo $SHELL/bin/bash

Linux

man

[root@cdphost ~]# man ls

reboot

[root@cdphost ~]# reboot

shutdown

[root@cdphost ~]# shutdown

ls

ls [] []

ls

-l

-a

-A

...

-h

-t

-r

[root@cdphost ~]# ls -ltotal 4194316-rw-------. 1 root root 1808 Dec 15 2022 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw------- 1 root root 1908 Jun 19 16:56 dead.letterdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 15 2022 Desktopdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 15 2022 Documents... ...

pwd

[root@cdphost ~]# pwd/root

cd

cd <>

.

..

~

Home

-

/home/cdp

[root@cdphost ~]# cd /usr/bin[root@cdphost bin]# pwd/usr/bin

mkdir

mkdir [] <>

mkdir

-p

[root@cdphost ~]# mkdir -p /root/temp1/temp2[root@cdphost ~]# cd /root/temp1/temp2/[root@cdphost temp2]# pwd/root/temp1/temp2

rm

rm [] </>

rm

-r

-f

[root@cdphost temp2]# pwd/root/temp1/temp2[root@cdphost temp2]# cd ~[root@cdphost ~]# pwd/root[root@cdphost ~]# rm -rf temp1[root@cdphost ~]#

rename

rename 

[root@cdphost temp1]# lsaaa aaabbb.txt dddaaa.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# rename aaa bbb aaabbb.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# lsaaa bbbbbb.txt dddaaa.txt[root@cdphost temp1]#

mv

mv <> <>

1/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2

[root@cdphost temp1]# mv /root/temp1/aaa /root/temp2

2/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2

[root@cdphost temp1]# mv /root/temp1/aaa/* /root/temp2/bbb

3/root/temp2bbbccc

[root@cdphost temp2]# mv /root/temp2/bbb /root/temp2/ccc

cp

cp <> <>

cp

-r

1/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2/ccc

[root@cdphost ccc]# cp -r /root/temp1/aaa /root/temp2/ccc

2/root/temp1/aaa/root/temp2/ccc

[root@cdphost ccc]# cp -r /root/temp1/aaa/* /root/temp2/ccc

touch

[root@cdphost temp1]# lltotal 0[root@cdphost temp1]# touch a.txt[root@cdphost temp1]# lltotal 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 25 23:00 a.txt

cat

[root@cdphost temp1]# cat /etc/passwd

more

[root@cdphost temp1]# more /etc/passwd

head

10

head []

head

-n

1/etc/group5

[root@cdphost temp1]# head -n 5 /etc/grouproot:x:0:bin:x:1:daemon:x:2:sys:x:3:adm:x:4:

tail

10

tail []

tail

-n

-f

1/etc/group5

[root@cdphost temp1]# tail -n 5 /etc/grouptcpdump:x:72:stapusr:x:156:stapsys:x:157:stapdev:x:158:cdp:x:1000:cdp

2/root/cdp.txt

[root@cdphost ~]# tail -f cdp.txt788

wc

wc []

wc

-l

-w

-c

1/etc/passwd

[root@cdphost ~]# wc -l /etc/passwd43 /etc/passwd

2/etc/passwd

[root@cdphost ~]# wc -w /etc/passwd87 /etc/passwd

3/etc/passwd

[root@cdphost ~]# wc -c /etc/passwd2256 /etc/passwd

du

dd

du

-h

-s

-b

byte

-m

M

-k

K

1

[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh3.5G .

2

[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh *100K 100K_temp.txt100M 100M_temp.txt1.0G 1G_temp.txt4.0K 2048_temp.txt2.4G a

3

[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a2.4G /root/temp1/a

4

[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a | cut -f12.4G[root@cdphost temp1]# du -sh /root/temp1/a | awk '{print $1}'2.4G

find

find path -option [-print ] [ -exec -ok command ] {} ;

find

-name

-type

f

-size

1.c

[root@cdphost temp1]# find / -name "*.c"/usr/lib/firmware/isci/create_fw.c/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/share/dist/DBD-SQLite/sqlite3.c/usr/share/doc/libpng-1.5.13/example.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/divworst.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/rndo-add.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/sample.c/usr/share/doc/mpfr-3.1.1/mpfr/examples/version.c/usr/share/doc/libbluray-0.2.3/player_wrappers/xine/input_bluray.c

2100M

[root@cdphost temp1]# find /root/temp1 -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} ;-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.0G Dec 23 12:34 /root/temp1/1G_temp.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.0G Dec 23 12:51 /root/temp1/a/temp.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 400M Dec 23 12:53 /root/temp1/a/b/100M_temp.txt

grep

grep [] [] file

grep

-v

-n

-c

-r

1hello

[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rn/root/temp1/b.txt:3:asdfsaf hello/root/temp1/c/c.txt:10:hello hello/root/temp1/a.txt:6:abc hello/root/temp1/a.txt:7:hello cdb

2hello

[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rc | grep ":0" -v/root/temp1/b.txt:1/root/temp1/c/c.txt:1/root/temp1/a.txt:2

3hello

[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "hello" /root/temp1 -rc | grep ":0" -v | cut -d ":" -f1/root/temp1/b.txt/root/temp1/c/c.txt/root/temp1/a.txt

4

[root@cdphost temp1]# grep "^$" /root/temp1/a.txt -n3:5:

linux$cat -A /root/temp1/a.txt

5java

[root@cdphost temp1]# ps -ef | grep java | grep -v grep

date

date [] [+]

date

-s datestr

datestr

date

%Y

(0000..9999)

%m

(01..12)

%d

(01..31)

%H

(00..23)

%M

(00..59)

%S

(00..59)

%A

(Sunday..Saturday)

%j

1[yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss]

[root@cdphost temp1]# date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'2022-12-23 15:48:40

2

[root@cdphost temp1]# date '+%A'Friday

320211231 9:00:00

[root@cdphost temp1]# date -s '2021-12-31 9:00:00'

ifconfig

IP

[root@cdphost temp1]# ifconfig

df

df []

df

-T

-h

1

Filesystem

Size

Used

Avail

Use%

Mounted on

free

free []

free

-h

-m

M

1

total

used

free

shared

buff/cache

available

top

[root@cdphost temp1]# top

top - 22:42:52 up 42 min, 2 users, load average: 0.13, 0.09, 0.12

22:42:5242 21,5,150.13, 0.09, 0.12

load average()CPU,(1,5,15)

Tasks: 492 total, 1 running, 491 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

4921()491()0(stoppedkill)0()

%cpu(s): 7.2 us, 1.4 sy, 0.0 ni, 91.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st

7.2% us CPU

1.4% sy CPU

0.0% ni CPU

91.3 % id CPU

0.0% wa IOCPU

0.0% hi Hardware IRQCPU

0.2% si Software InterruptsCPU

0.0% st CPU

CPUwindows

KiB Mem: 2035648 total, 888272 used, 1147376 free, 884 buffers

2035648k total 2035M

888272k used 888M

1147376k free 1147M

884k buffers 0.8M

KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 0 used, 2097148 free. 255104 cached Mem

swap

2097148k total 2097M

0k used 0M

2097148 k free 2097M

255104k cached 255M

used

PID

ID

USER

PR

'rt'

NI

nice

VIRT

kbVIRT=SWAP+RES

RES

kbRES=CODE+DATA

SHR

SHRkb

S

,:

D -

R

S

T

Z

%CPU

CPU

%MEM

TIME+

CPU

COMMAND

/

who

NAME

LINEpts/0:0x(x-window)

TIME

COMMENTIP

whoami

[root@cdphost ~]# whoamiroot

ps

ps []

ps

-e

()

-f

15

2java

[root@cdphost ~]# ps -ef | grep java | grep -v grep

kill

1

[root@cdphost ~]# kill -9

2

[root@cdphost ~]# kill -9 1 2 3

which

1pwd

[root@cdphost ~]# which pwd/usr/bin/pwd

wget

1centos7163yum

[root@cdphost temp1]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

su

su [-]

su --

su - --

1su PATH

2su - PATH

sudo

sudo

sudo

1visudo

2/etc/sudoers(chmod u+w /etc/sudoers)

(/etc/sudoers)

visudo

cdp ALL=(ALL) ALL

cdpsudo

%cdp ALL=(ALL) ALL

cdpsudo

cdp ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL()

cdpsudo

%cdp ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

cdpsudo

ALLsudo192.168.226.250/24

ALL

ALL

1cdpsudo

1visudo/etc/sudoers

[root@cdphost ~]# visudo --/etc/sudoers

2

[cdp@cdphost ~]$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld

history

110

[root@cdphost ~]# history | tail -n 10951 echo $PATH952 systemctl status firelwalld953 systemctl status firewalld954 visudo955 cat /etc/sudoers956 vi /etc/sudoers957 ll /etc/sudoers958 visudo959 history960 history | tail -n 10

2

[root@cdphost ~]# !951echo $PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

scp

linux

1.scp [] local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file2.scp [] remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file local_file

scp

-r

1

[root@cdphost temp1]# scp 100M_temp.txt [email protected]:/root/temp3[root@cdphost temp1]# scp -r /root/temp2 [email protected]:/root/temp3

2

[root@cdphost temp4]# scp [email protected]:/root/temp3/100M_temp.txt ./[root@cdphost temp4]# scp -r [email protected]:/root/temp3/temp2 ./

gzip

gzip [] []

gzip

-d

-l

-v

1

2

3

tar

tar [] [] [..]

tar

-c

-v

-f

-x

-z

gzip,.gz

-t

-C

-c-x

linux3

-z

gzip

.tar.gz

gz > bz2 > xz

xz > bz2 > gz

-j

bzip2

.tar.bz2

-J

xz

.tar.xz

1

2

3

4

5

6

zip

zip [] [.zip] [1]

zip

-q

-r

1

unzip

uzip [] [.zip]

uzip

-l

-d

1


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