Not as skilled as humans? China spent 140 million US dollars on the moon, while India spent 75 million US dollars on Chandrayaan-3

Tech 2023-07-13 13:14:04 Source: Network

India's "Chandrayaan-3" will be launched on July 14, and its online attention is very high, even higher than the success of the launch of the world's first liquid oxygen methane rocket "Suzaku 2".If successful, India will become another country to land on the moon after Russia (Soviet Union), the United States, and China

India's "Chandrayaan-3" will be launched on July 14, and its online attention is very high, even higher than the success of the launch of the world's first liquid oxygen methane rocket "Suzaku 2".

If successful, India will become another country to land on the moon after Russia (Soviet Union), the United States, and China.

And it will also becomeThe first country to land on the Lunar south pole,We should know that both China and the United States will focus on the Lunar south pole in the future, and believe that there are precious water ice resources here, which can meet the needs of manned lunar landings.

But what if it fails?

In an interview, S. Somanath, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), admitted that:

If Chandrayaan-3 fails,Many future space projects in India will be postponed or even cancelled.If you continue to fail, no one will give you the next task.

When asked why backup detectors are not reserved like Chinese lunar landings, S. Somanath rarely acknowledges that they are not as good as China, stating:

If we produce one more, the cost will increase.

To put it bluntly, the Indian lunar landing project is still subject to "money", and the fact is true.

Our Chang'e 3 is also the implementation of the moon landing plan, which cost about 1 billion yuan (2013), equivalent to 140 million dollars. Chang'e 3 is already very cheap, far lower than the United States, Russia and ESA. UnexpectedlyIndia is cheaper than us. The total cost of Chandrayaan-3 is only 75 million dollars.

Are we not as skilled as humans? Why is it that the cost of Chandrayaan-3 is much lower than that of Chang'e 3 for the same lunar landing mission?

Indian lunar landing: $75 million lunar exploration project

In fact, the reason why Indian Chandrayaan-3 is so cheap is that it isThe "Beggar's version" landing on the moon.

Why do you say that?

This will start from the second lunar ship.

In 2019, Chandrayaan-2 was launched to perform the first soft landing mission on the moon. Unfortunately, although the lander "Vikram" has successfully entered Orbit of the Moon, software errors occurred during the descent processLost contact with Earth at a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the lunar surface.

NASA photographed the wreckage of Vikram, and it was analyzed that Vikram hard landed on the moon, but the mission failed. India regarded it as 95% successful, and believed that the rest 95% of the load was on the orbiter.

The launch cost of Yuechuan-2 is actually not low, equivalent to 142 million US dollars, which is similar to the launch cost of Chang'e 3, and far higher than the launch cost of Chandrayaan-3 of 75 million US dollars.

However, the failure of "Moonship 2" has had a significant impact on the Indian lunar exploration project, especially in terms of cost, "Somanatan saidIf the cost is too high, it will not be allowed to continue research,Therefore, "Chandrayaan-3" needs to be careful and only costs 75 million dollars, which is the cheapest moon landing project in so many countries.

I'm not saying that the more expensive the price, the better the lunar exploration effect, but $75 million is still too little to use for a project as large as lunar exploration.

In order to save money, Chandrayaan-3 miniaturized the model in the test, and did not produce much spare hardware, let alone spare spacecraft.

You should know that when Chang'e 3 was launched, China had already prepared a spare star "Chang'e 4". If Chang'e 3 failed to launch, Chang'e 4 would take over the mission of landing on the moon; After the successful landing of Chang'e 3 on the moon, in order not to waste, we made Chang'e 4 perform the mission of landing on the back of the moon after the technological transformation. China has also become the only country landing on the back of the moon in the world.

Compared with China's Chang'e 3, Chandrayaan-3 is actually a "beggar's version" of the moon landing program.

Chandrayaan-3: Beggar's version of the moon landing plan

The Chang'e 3 is composed of a lander and a rover (the Yutu Lunar rover), weighing 3.78 tons. The Yutu Lunar rover weighs 140 kg. It uses solar energy as its energy source, and is equipped with scientific exploration instruments such as Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera, infrared imaging spectrometer, lunar radar, particle excited X-ray spectrometer, etc. The original plan was to work on the lunar surface for 3 months, but the actual work was 972 days, far more than expected.

On closer inspection, it seems that the Indian Chandrayaan-3 is not weak, weighing 3,9 tons and the lander Vikram 1.75 tons, but the Lunar rover Pragyan is a little smaller, only 26 kilograms. But considering that India only spent 75 million dollars, it seems acceptable.

In fact, space is not only important for payload, but also for technology. Compared with Chang'e 3, Indian Chandrayaan-3 is a "beggar version" of the moon landing.

First of all: rockets. To land on the moon, there must be a high thrust rocket. The rocket used by China's Chang'e 3 is the Long March 3B reinforced rocket,The carrying capacity of Trans-lunar injection orbit is 3.78 tons, and the Geostationary transfer orbit is 5.5 tons,And China also has a more powerful Fat Five, as well as the Long March 10 rocket for future lunar landings; The Indian Chandrayaan-3 uses the GSLV-MK3 carrier rocket, and the Geostationary transfer orbit delivery capacity is only 4 tons, so it is very difficult to carry out the moon landing mission.

What should we do?

What India has adopted is that the probe has changed its orbit around the earth for many times. The Chandrayaan-2 can fly to the Orbit of the Moon, and it needs to change its orbit around the earth for many times. The rocket first launches the probe to the 180 km Perigee and 4000 km Apogee super synchronous transfer orbit, and then the probe flies around the earth. Every few days when it reaches the Perigee, it ignites and continues to push itself, gradually improving the Apogee orbit height of the probe.

In this way, the Apogee of the detector can be increased from 40000 km to about 380000 km after 5-6 or more orbital changes.

(Indian and Chinese lunar landing plans)

The advantage is that rockets with low thrust can also launch lunar landers, but the drawbacks are also obvious,Will consume a large amount of fuel for the detectorIndia's lunar landing program will carry a large amount of fuel, leaving little load for scientific instruments. Moreover, this lunar landing program will also affect the working life of lunar landers and Lunar rover, which has long been eliminated by space powers.

India can save money, but some of it needs to be spent. India just doesn't save money in the right place, and the ultimate gain is mainly political significance, but the scientific value is limited.

The scientific instruments carried by the Chandrayaan-3 lander include:

Chandra Surface Thermophysics Experiment (ChaSTE):

Lunar seismic activity instruments:

Langmuir detector:

Laser reflector array:

Lamb electric probe

Laser Doppler velocimeter

The scientific instruments carried by the Lunar rover are:

Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer

Laser induced breakdown spectrometer

Some of the scientific instruments carried by India have already been detected by China, the United States, and Russia, which means that this exploration has many similarities with predecessors and has limited scientific value. Moreover, the design life of Indian Lunar rover is only 14 days. Considering that the Lunar rover can not run fast, the detection distance on the moon is also limited. In addition, the equipment carried by the 26 kg Lunar rover is limited. Although the Indian lunar exploration has engineering significance, its scientific value is still low.

However, it is said that the scientific value of Indian lunar exploration is relatively low, which is due to the comparison between Indian and Chinese aerospace,Because China's aerospace industry is too powerful, it seems that India doesn't have enough visionHowever, if you look around the world, you will find that India's strength is not weak in fact. If the first lunar ship succeeds, the second lunar ship will be close to the door. If the Chandrayaan-3 solves the problem, the mission success rate is still very high. If you look around the world, there are few countries that can make soft landing on the moon. If India succeeds, it will become the fourth country in the world to achieve soft landing on the moon.

Anyway, good luck to India!#What we have seen is very scientific # # China is developing a manned Lunar rover # # India#

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